BREATHLESS MINERS: COAL MINING AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN BRITAIN
Data d'actualització: 20/12/2019 10:52:47
ID: 57372
Creator: RICOS LEON, M. CARMEN 
Category: Education
Clasification Unesco: Not classified
Description: Ponent: Profesor Arthur Mc Ivor (Director Scottish Oral History Centre School of Humanities. University of Strathclyde)
Labels: miner, Mc Ivor, coal, Britain
Resolution: 
1280 x 720
16:9
Score: Sense puntuacio (puntuar).
License CC: Reconocimiento - NoComercial (by-nc)a
Visits: 16
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Presentació a cà rrec de Ximo Guillem (IILP)
Seminari: The human cost of pesticides. Hyper-Segmentation as a Process of Invizibilisation
The regulation of agricultural pesticides has been the subject of research in the humanities and social sciences, political science and law since the 1970s. Various mechanisms by which regulations have contributed to the social and political invisibility of the harmful effects of pesticides on health and the environment have been highlighted: subjection of health and environmental issues to economic issues ; failure to take into account certain issues in political and regulatory areas, limited or inadequat knowledge production systems on possible harmful effects; multiple biases in scientific expertise ; primacy of politics over expertise... In this paper, I would like to describe and analyse a mechanism that has not yet been fully considered by the literature: how the development of regulations to deal with the health and environmental effects of agricultural pesticides has been based on a hyper-segmentation of problems, a hyper-segmentation that has led to the long-term structural invisibility of certain issues. To do this, I will analyze the development of regulation on agricultural pesticides in France over the long twentieth century by showing how this development has been accompanied by the implementation of reasoning that segmente in multiple ways the problems posed pesticides: substance by substance, occupational health vs. environmental health vs. environment, medium by medium (water, soil, air, plants,...), tasks by task, type of people by types of people (consumers, residents, manipulators, agricultural employees, farmers) etc... This hyper-segmentation, driven by a proliferation of regulatory texts forming part of different laws and by a progressive sophistication of the procedures by which harmful health and environmental effects have been assessed, has led to invisibility and the failure to take into account many problems: poly-exposures to the same molecule ; cross-exposures to several molecules ; possible deleterious effects of these different types of exposures ; the use of pesticides in certain sectors (breeding as pesticides and biocides, post-harvest treatment) ; the presence of pesticides in certain media (air, soil) ; the exposure of certain people (women, teenagers, migrant and seasonal farmworkers, extension workers, mecanics, vets…). To show this dynamic of hyper-segmentation and associated processes of invisibilization, I will focus on three important moments in the development of pesticide regulation in France: the 1916 decree-law on poisonous substances, the 1943 law on the organization of the control of pesticides for agricultural use and various European directives of the 1970s and 1980s aiming at harmonizing the management of certain harmful effects of pesticides within the EEC.
Seminari: Scientific Ignorance and Public Inaction : How can ignorance studies help us to re-examine the question of power in the sociology of public policy?
Cicle : « Els tòxics al treball » Seminari impartit per Emmanuel Henry, Université Paris-Dauphine, França Data: Dimecres 6 de febrer de 2019 a les 16 hores Scientific Ignorance and Public Inaction : How can ignorance studies help us to re-examine the question of power in the sociology of public policy? A França, el sector de la salut laboral està caracteritzat per la seua baixa visibilitat social i per una inèrcia institucional considerable. Tal com es farà notar en aquesta conferència, aquestes caracterÃstiques de les polÃtiques de salut laboral estan lligades a mecanismes de producció de coneixement i ignorà ncia que es deriven tant de fonts cientÃfiques com institucionals. El coneixement cientÃfic relatiu a la salut ocupacional que parteix de les disciplines acadèmiques és molt limitat i fragmentat. Les relacions de poder tan desiguals entre les indústries que produeixen els riscs i els representants dels treballadors/es exposats/des a aquells riscs faciliten la producció d’ignorà ncia i la “ciència no fetaâ€. En absència de dades cientÃfiques, els agents implicats directament en la implementació de polÃtiques de salut laboral fonamenten les seues decisions en les dades produïdes per les institucions nacionals de la seguretat social en relació a les compensacions per malaltia professional. Aquestes dades subestimen de manera notòria el nombre de malalties professionals i aixà incrementen les desigualtats pròpies d’aquest sector en què la patronal ocupa una posició de força. Tot i això, l’únic instrument emprat per mesurar els efectes del treball sobre la salut de la població i per establir les lÃnies fonamentals d’aquestes polÃtiques és la quantificació de malalties professionals que es realitza des de les assegurances mèdiques. Com a conseqüència d’aquesta subestimació de les malalties professionals es dóna una invisibilització de la qüestió de la salut en el treball. Aquesta qüestió es converteix en un “no-problema†que pot romandre ignorat per les autoritats polÃtiques. Coordinació del cicle de seminaris: Ximo Guillem (IILP) i José Ramón Bertomeu (IILP) amb la col·laboració de la Societat Catalana dHistòria de la Ciència i de la Tècnica (SCHCT)
Seminario: Historicizing the Universal: Writing the History of International Science after Sarton
Seminario impartido por Geert Somsen, History Department/STS Program, Maastricht University
Seminari: Spatial Concepts in the Historiography of Science: When to Claim that Science is Local?
Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen University of Oulu